Linux is great and command line is marvelous, you can get any information you like to know about your system just in milliseconds. You just need to remember a command and issue it on command line. Few very basic yet powerful commands are share as under to get complete information about your LINUX operating system, hardware, machine name and many more;
$ cat /proc/version
The above command Will give you a full string of information
uname -m
The above command Will give you the machine number ( like i686 )
uname -r